21st Century Learning and Teaching

4. Artificial stupidity. How can we guard against mistakes?

Intelligence comes from learning, whether you’re human or machine. Systems usually have a training phase in which they "learn" to detect the right patterns and act according to their input. Once a system is fully trained, it can then go into test phase, where it is hit with more examples and we see how it performs.

Obviously, the training phase cannot cover all possible examples that a system may deal with in the real world. These systems can be fooled in ways that humans wouldn't be. For example, random dot patterns can lead a machine to “see” things that aren’t there. If we rely on AI to bring us into a new world of labour, security and efficiency, we need to ensure that the machine performs as planned, and that people can’t overpower it to use it for their own ends.

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http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Ethics

http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-innovative-technologies-and-developments/?tag=Artificial+Intelligence

Did we learn nothing from Arthur C. Clarke's 1968 sci-fi epic, 2001: A Space Odyssey?

In the film, astronauts on a mission to Jupiter discover that the HAL 9000 artificial intelligence computer that controls and automates all functions on the spacecraft starts seriously glitching. The astronauts get worried, HAL gets paranoid -- yada, yada, yada -- HAL kills everyone on the ship.


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The moral of the story is that when lives depend on fully automated systems, it's a good idea to keep an eye on those systems anyway. (And if that's not the moral of the story, it should have been.)

How do you use something that's fully automatic, anyway? What is the responsibility of the "user"? Can we just hand over control to the bots?

Recent events in the news suggest that when it comes to using our automatic products and features, some people are doing it wrong.

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http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Artificial+Intelligence

http://www.scoop.it/t/securite-pc-et-internet?q=iot

It’s less of a robot toy and more of a human child in its behavior. It’s constantly seeking your approval, and always wanting to play. Cozmo is, for all intents and purposes, a robot toddler.

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https://gustmees.wordpress.com/2016/04/05/luxembourg-education-interviews-5-creativity-and-maker-spaces-beecreative/

http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Maker

Do you think that robots with artificial intelligence could ultimately provide the expertise and multiple intelligences that we need from human experts?
It’s already clear that artificial intelligence can provide information that we used to secure from experts or that we had to look up ourselves. Just think about Siri, Encore, and the power of many other search engines. There is every reason to believe that these systems will continue to get ‘more intelligent’. As I am writing, the best “go” player in the world is struggling to compete successfully with a newly developed computational system.
I think we need to separate three issues. Firstly does the system reach its ‘answers’ in the same way that human beings do? This is the difference between ‘artificial intelligence’ and ‘human simulation. Secondly does the system manifest its intelligence? For many of us, there’s a big difference between typing a question on our pad, as opposed to conversing with a robot or avatar. The more that the robot resembles a human being, the more satisfying it will be to many individuals, although not to me! Thirdly can the computational system provide a recommended course of action that is as solid, or even more solid, than a well-trained professional? In a way that the client finds satisfying? For the foreseeable future (say a decade or two), I think that the answer is no. But I would add that for individuals who cannot afford to consult a professional, or for whom no professional is available, an artificial system will typically be much better than the recommendations of a friend or than common sense – which is all too often common non-sense.

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http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Howard+GARDNER

http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Ethics